Solar and wind energy bring renewable energy to the power grid, but the problem of supply-demand imbalance restricts the utilization rate of these renewable energy sources. Although solar energy is abundant at noon, the demand for electricity at this time is not high enough. If energy storage systems are not equipped to store excess electricity, the cost of electricity for consumers remains high. Energy storage systems can collect renewable energy such as solar and wind energy during the day and release stored energy during peak demand periods or high grid electricity prices. By storing energy for peak periods, energy storage systems can stabilize the power grid and reduce energy costs. The following are several challenges that battery energy storage systems need to overcome:

1、Safety：To maintain battery safety throughout the entire lifecycle of a battery energy storage system, it is crucial to monitor and protect battery voltage, temperature, and current data. Consider and analyze the possibility of battery and battery management system failures. To prevent potential safety hazards such as overheating, short circuits, and electrolyte leakage in batteries, effective measures need to be taken to ensure the safe operation of the system and reduce potential risks.

2、Accurate battery monitoring: Accurate battery data ensures safety and improves battery energy utilization. Even small measurement errors in battery voltage can lead to significant errors in remaining power, so accurate measurement of battery voltage and battery pack current is crucial for accurately estimating power. Avoid incorrect battery balancing and excessive charging and discharging. Another important measurement indicator is the temperature of the battery, and most battery fires and explosions are caused by thermal runaway of the battery.

3、The balancing ability of batteries:  Different heat dissipation conditions, battery inconsistency, and load inconsistency within the energy storage system can lead to imbalance between batteries. Even within the same battery pack. The imbalance of batteries will gradually deteriorate over the lifespan of the product, with some batteries aging faster than others, forcing users to replace aging batteries in advance. So the balance of the battery is crucial. By controlling the charging and discharging currents, the remaining capacity or voltage of the battery can be balanced.

Therefore, by configuring a safe and reliable battery management system, safety issues with batteries can be eliminated, and careful design can help extend the lifespan of energy storage systems. With the gradual progress of energy storage technology, overcoming these design issues will promote more mature and reliable battery energy storage system.